# Plausibility bands — California (and federal, always loaded)

These are rough plausibility ranges, not computations. If a student-entered due date falls outside the range, the `/legal-clinic:deadlines --add` flow flags it for re-check. The skill does **not** compute — it catches gross arithmetic errors in the student's own work. Every citation here is `[model knowledge — verify]` unless the supervisor has replaced it with a connector-retrieved or user-provided source.

## How to use

- One row per deadline type the clinic sees regularly.
- Typical range is a plausibility window, not a holding.
- Cite the governing rule in the Notes column so the student has somewhere to recompute against.
- Computation-of-time rules (e.g., CCP § 12, § 12a for CA; FRCP 6 for federal) apply to every entry; re-state them in Notes when relevant.

## California

| Deadline type | Typical range from triggering event | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| CA UD response (post-AB 2347) | ~10-14 calendar days after service | Computed in court days per CCP § 1167 + § 12a; confirm against the current rule |
| CA answer to complaint (non-UD) | ~30 days after service | CCP § 412.20 / § 430.40; confirm |
| CA demurrer / MTD | ~30 days after service | Filed in lieu of answer; CCP § 430.40 |
| Notice of appeal (CA civil) | ~60 days after notice of entry | CRC 8.104; confirm triggering event (notice served vs. mailed) |
| CA statute of limitations — personal injury | ~2 years from injury | CCP § 335.1; discovery rule complications |
| CA statute of limitations — written contract | ~4 years from breach | CCP § 337 |
| CA statute of limitations — oral contract | ~2 years from breach | CCP § 339 |
| CA statute of limitations — fraud | ~3 years from discovery | CCP § 338(d) |
| CA small claims appeal | ~30 days after clerk mails notice of entry | CCP § 116.710; limited de novo scope |
| CA FEHA right-to-sue lawsuit | ~1 year from RTS notice (CRD) | Gov. Code § 12965; older accrual rules may apply pre-amendment |
| CA unlawful-detainer post-judgment — motion to stay | ~5 calendar days | CCP § 918, local rules; emergency timelines |

## Federal (always loaded alongside any state)

| Deadline type | Typical range from triggering event | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Federal civil answer (Rule 12(a)) | ~21 days after service (60 / 90 if waived) | FRCP 12(a); confirm by service method |
| Federal MTD / Rule 12 motion | Same as answer window | Filed in lieu of answer; FRCP 12(b) |
| Notice of appeal (federal civil) | ~30 days after judgment entry | FRAP 4(a)(1)(A); 60 days if US is a party (FRAP 4(a)(1)(B)) |
| Rule 4 service of process | 90 days after complaint filed | FRCP 4(m); court may extend |
| Rule 26(f) conference | Before scheduling order, typically ~21 days before Rule 16 | FRCP 26(f); local rules vary |
| Asylum one-year filing rule | ~1 year from most recent entry | 8 USC § 1158(a)(2)(B); exceptions exist |
| EOIR / immigration court — typical response/motion | Per NTA or order — no universal default | Read the order; do not assume |
| Motion for reconsideration (EOIR) | ~30 days after final order | 8 CFR § 1003.23(b)(1); confirm |
| Habeas petition — § 2254 1-year SOL | ~1 year from final state judgment or new fact/law | 28 USC § 2244(d); tolling rules |

## Computation-of-time reminder

- **California courts:** CCP § 12 (excludes first day, includes last), § 12a (extends to next court day if deadline falls on weekend/holiday), § 1010.6 / § 1013 (service-method extensions for mail, fax, electronic).
- **Federal courts:** FRCP 6(a) (calendar day counting, weekend/holiday extension), FRCP 6(d) (3-day mail extension where applicable).
- **Local rules:** Always confirm. This band file is a plausibility check, not a substitute for the court's own rule.
